Advertisement
Research Article| Volume 47, 101796, August 2020

Download started.

Ok

Smoking cessation prolongs survival in female cancer survivors - the Danish nurse cohort

  • Jette Heberg
    Correspondence
    Corresponding author. Juliane Marie Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Tagensvej 22, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark.
    Affiliations
    Juliane Marie Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Tagensvej 22, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark

    Department of Gastroenterology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev Ringvej 75, 2730, Herlev, Denmark
    Search for articles by this author
  • Mette Kildevæld Simonsen
    Affiliations
    The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksbergs Hospital, Region H, Nordre Fasanvej 57, 2000, Frederiksberg, Denmark

    Aarhus University, Health, Department of Public Health, Vennelyst, Boulevard 4, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
    Search for articles by this author
  • Thordis Thomsen
    Affiliations
    Herlev Acute, Critical and Emergency Care Science Unit, Department of Anaesthesiology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev Ringvej 75, 2730, Herlev, Denmark

    University of Copenhagen, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
    Search for articles by this author
  • Vibeke Zoffmann
    Affiliations
    Juliane Marie Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Tagensvej 22, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark

    University of Copenhagen, IFSV, Section of Health Services Research, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1014, Copenhagen K, Denmark
    Search for articles by this author
  • Anne Kjaergaard Danielsen
    Affiliations
    Department of Gastroenterology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev Ringvej 75, 2730, Herlev, Denmark

    University of Copenhagen, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
    Search for articles by this author
Published:July 15, 2020DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejon.2020.101796
Smoking cessation prolongs survival in female cancer survivors - the Danish nurse cohort
Previous ArticleDifficulties in identifying and describing feelings, social constraints, affect, and functional well-being among Chinese breast cancer patients: A mediation model
Next ArticleAdaptation and preliminary testing of the registered nursing forecasting (RN4CAST) nurse survey for use in the ambulatory chemotherapy setting

      Highlights

      • •
        Smoking cessation yields considerable survival benefits in cancer surviving nurses.
      • •
        Cancer-diagnosed nurses (vs cancer-free) hold increased chance of smoking cessation.
      • •
        The time around cancer diagnosis may offer a teachable moment for smoking cessation.
      • •
        Ongoing priority should be given to smoking cessation in oncology care.

      Abstract

      Purpose

      To explore smoking cessation between cancer survivors and cancer-free women, and the potential survival benefits from smoking cessation in cancer surviving women.

      Method

      We pooled 46,334 responses from the Danish Nurse Cohort. The cohort consists of female nurses, who were invited for surveys in 1993, 1999 and 2009. Participants were linked to nationwide registries on hospitalization, cause of death and migration through 2016. Odds for smoking cessation by cancer diagnosis were computed in propensity score matched logistic regression models, while survival by postdiagnosis smoking cessation was estimated in cox proportional hazards models.

      Results

      Eligible for analysis were 7841 women (mean age = 56.7 years, SD ± 7.2), who were smokers at baseline and survived to the next follow-up survey. Of these, 545 women were diagnosed with cancer and matched by propensity score (1:2) with 1090 cancer-free women. Odds for smoking cessation were significantly higher in cancer-diagnosed women compared to their cancer-free peers (OR = 1.31, 95% CI: 1.06–1.61). Moreover, mortality risk was significantly lower among cancer survivors who stopped smoking (HR = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.46–0.91), compared to persistent smokers.

      Conclusions

      The results suggest considerable survival benefits from smoking cessation in cancer surviving female nurses, and that the time surrounding cancer diagnosis may serve as a teachable moment for smoking cessation. However, due to substantial methodological limitations embedded in the study, careful interpretation of the presented results is warranted. Future studies are needed to demonstrate the effects of diagnosis on smoking cessation as well as the effects of smoking cessation on survival in female cancer populations.

      Keywords

      To read this article in full you will need to make a payment

      Purchase one-time access:

      Academic & Personal: 24 hour online accessCorporate R&D Professionals: 24 hour online access
      One-time access price info
      • For academic or personal research use, select 'Academic and Personal'
      • For corporate R&D use, select 'Corporate R&D Professionals'

      Subscribe:

      Subscribe to European Journal of Oncology Nursing
      Already a print subscriber? Claim online access
      Already an online subscriber? Sign in
      Register: Create an account
      Institutional Access: Sign in to ScienceDirect

      References

        • Allen A.M.
        • Oncken C.
        • Hatsukami D.
        Women and smoking: the effect of gender on the epidemiology, health effects, and cessation of smoking.
        Curr. Addict. Reports. 2014; 1: 53-60https://doi.org/10.1007/s40429-013-0003-6
        View in Article
        • Austin P.C.
        Statistical criteria for selecting the optimal number of untreated subjects matched to each treated subject when using many-to-one matching on the propensity score.
        Am. J. Epidemiol. 2010; 172: 1092-1097https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwq224
        View in Article
        • Bidstrup P.E.
        • Dalton S.O.
        • Christensen J.
        • Tjonneland A.
        • Larsen S.B.
        • Karlsen R.
        • Brewster A.
        • Bondy M.
        • Johansen C.
        Changes in body mass index and alcohol and tobacco consumption among breast cancer survivors and cancer-free women: A prospective study in the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health Cohort.
        Acta Oncologica. 2013; 52: 327-335https://doi.org/10.3109/0284186X.2012.746466
        View in Article
        • Bluethmann S.M.
        • Basen-Engquist K.
        • Vernon S.W.
        • Cox M.
        • Gabriel K.P.
        • Stansberry S.A.
        • Carmack C.L.
        • Blalock J.A.
        • Demark-Wahnefried W.
        Grasping the “teachable moment”: time since diagnosis, symptom burden and health behaviors in breast, colorectal and prostate cancer survivors.
        Psycho Oncol. 2015; 24: 1250-1257https://doi.org/10.1002/pon.3857
        View in Article
        • Burris J.L.
        • Studts J.L.
        • DeRosa A.P.
        • Ostroff J.S.
        Systematic review of tobacco use after lung or head/neck cancer diagnosis: results and recommendations for future research.
        Cancer Epidemiol. Biomark. Prev. 2015; 24: 1450-1461https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-15-0257
        View in Article
        • Canchola A.J.
        • Stewart S.L.
        • Bernstein L.
        • West D.W.
        • Ross R.K.
        • Deapen D.
        • Reynolds P.
        • Wright W.
        • Anton-culver H.
        • Peel D.
        • Ziogas A.
        • Horn-ross P.L.
        Cox Regression Using Different Time-Scales.
        1995 ([WWW Document])
        View in Article
        • Chang S.L.
        • Lo C.H.
        • Peng H.L.
        • Chen C.R.
        • Wu S.C.
        • Chen S.C.
        Factors associated with continued smoking after treatment of oral cavity cancer: an age and survival time-matched study.
        J. Adv. Nurs. 2018; 74: 926-934https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.13506
        View in Article
        • Croyle R.T.
        • Morgan G.D.
        • Fiore M.C.
        Addressing a Core gap in cancer care — the NCI moonshot program to help oncology patients stop smoking.
        N. Engl. J. Med. 2019; 380: 512-515https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMp1813913
        View in Article
        • Demark-Wahnefried W.
        • Aziz N.M.
        • Rowland J.H.
        • Pinto B.M.
        Riding the crest of the teachable moment: promoting long-term health after the diagnosis of cancer.
        J. Clin. Oncol. 2005; 23: 5814-5830https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2005.01.230
        View in Article
        • Forouzanfar M.H.
        • Afshin A.
        • Alexander L.T.
        • Biryukov S.
        • Brauer M.
        • Cercy K.
        • Charlson F.J.
        • Cohen A.J.
        • Dandona L.
        • Estep K.
        • Ferrari A.J.
        • Frostad J.J.
        • Fullman N.
        • Godwin W.W.
        • Griswold M.
        • Hay S.I.
        • Kyu H.H.
        • Larson H.J.
        • Lim S.S.
        • Liu P.Y.
        • Lopez A.D.
        • Lozano R.
        • Marczak L.
        • Mokdad A.H.
        • Moradi-Lakeh M.
        • Naghavi M.
        • Reitsma M.B.
        • Roth G.A.
        • Sur P.J.
        • Vos T.
        • Wagner J.A.
        • Wang H.
        • Zhao Y.
        • Zhou M.
        • Barber R.M.
        • Bell B.
        • Blore J.D.
        • Casey D.C.
        • Coates M.M.
        • Cooperrider K.
        • Cornaby L.
        • Dicker D.
        • Erskine H.E.
        • Fleming T.
        • Foreman K.
        • Gakidou E.
        • Haagsma J.A.
        • Johnson C.O.
        • Kemmer L.
        • Ku T.
        • Leung J.
        • Masiye F.
        • Millear A.
        • Mirarefin M.
        • Misganaw A.
        • Mullany E.
        • Mumford J.E.
        • Ng M.
        • Olsen H.
        • Rao P.
        • Reinig N.
        • Roman Y.
        • Sandar L.
        • Santomauro D.F.
        • Slepak E.L.
        • Sorensen R.J.D.
        • Thomas B.A.
        • Vollset S.E.
        • Whiteford H.A.
        • Zipkin B.
        • Murray C.J.L.
        • Mock C.N.
        • Anderson B.O.
        • Futran N.D.
        • Anderson H.R.
        • Bhutta Z.A.
        • Nisar M.I.
        • Akseer N.
        • Krueger H.
        • Gotay C.C.
        • Kissoon N.
        • Kopec J.A.
        • Pourmalek F.
        • Burnett R.
        • Abajobir A.A.
        • Knibbs L.D.
        • Veerman J.L.
        • Lalloo R.
        • Scott J.G.
        • Alam N.K.M.
        • Gouda H.N.
        • Guo Y.
        • McGrath J.J.
        • Charlson F.J.
        • Jeemon P.
        • Dandona R.
        • Goenka S.
        • Kumar G.A.
        • Gething P.W.
        • Bisanzio D.
        • Deribew A.
        • Darby S.C.
        • Ali R.
        • Bennett D.A.
        • Jha V.
        • Kinfu Y.
        • McKee M.
        • Murthy G.V.S.
        • Pearce N.
        • Stöckl H.
        • Duan L.
        • Jin Y.
        • Li Y.
        • Liu S.
        • Wang L.
        • Ye P.
        • Liang X.
        • Azzopardi P.
        • Patton G.C.
        • Meretoja A.
        • Alam K.
        • Borschmann R.
        • Colquhoun S.M.
        • Weintraub R.G.
        • Szoeke C.E.I.
        • Ademi Z.
        • Taylor H.R.
        • Wijeratne T.
        • Batis C.
        • Barquera S.
        • Campos-Nonato I.R.
        • Contreras A.G.
        • Cuevas-Nasu L.
        • De V.
        • Gomez-Dantes H.
        • Heredia-Pi I.B.
        • Medina C.
        • Mejia-Rodriguez F.
        • Montañez Hernandez J.C.
        • Razo-García C.A.
        • Rivera J.A.
        • Rodríguez-Ramírez S.
        • Sánchez-Pimienta T.G.
        • Servan-Mori E.E.
        • Shamah T.
        • Mensah G.A.
        • Hoff H.J.
        • Neal B.
        • Driscoll T.R.
        • Kemp A.H.
        • Leigh J.
        • Mekonnen A.B.
        • Bhatt S.
        • Fürst T.
        • Piel F.B.
        • Rodriguez A.
        • Hutchings S.J.
        • Majeed A.
        • Soljak M.
        • Salomon J.A.
        • Thorne-Lyman A.L.
        • Ajala O.N.
        • Bärnighausen T.
        • Cahill L.E.
        • Ding E.L.
        • Farvid M.S.
        • Khatibzadeh S.
        • Wagner G.R.
        • Shrime M.G.
        • Fitchett J.R.A.
        • Aasvang G.M.
        • Savic M.
        • Abate K.H.
        • Gebrehiwot T.T.
        • Gebremedhin A.T.
        • Abbafati C.
        • Abbas K.M.
        • Abd-Allah F.
        • Abdulle A.M.
        • Abera S.F.
        • Melaku Y.A.
        • Abyu G.Y.
        • Betsu B.D.
        • Hailu G.B.
        • Tekle D.Y.
        • Yalew A.Z.
        • Abraham B.
        • Abu-Raddad L.J.
        • Adebiyi A.O.
        • Adedeji I.A.
        • Adou A.K.
        • Adsuar J.C.
        • Agardh E.E.
        • Rehm J.
        • Badawi A.
        • Popova S.
        • Agarwal A.
        • Ahmad A.
        • Akinyemiju T.F.
        • Schwebel D.C.
        • Singh J.A.
        • Al-Aly Z.
        • Aldhahri S.F.
        • Altirkawi K.A.
        • Terkawi A.S.
        • Aldridge R.W.
        • Tillmann T.
        • Alemu Z.A.
        • Tegegne T.K.
        • Alkerwi A.
        • Alla F.
        • Guillemin F.
        • Allebeck P.
        • Rabiee R.H.S.
        • Fereshtehnejad S.M.
        • Kivipelto M.
        • Carrero J.J.
        • Weiderpass E.
        • Havmoeller R.
        • Sindi S.
        • Alsharif U.
        • Alvarez E.
        • Alvis-Guzman N.
        • Amare A.T.
        • Ciobanu L.G.
        • Taye B.W.
        • Amberbir A.
        • Amegah A.K.
        • Amini H.
        • Karema C.K.
        • Ammar W.
        • Harb H.L.
        • Amrock S.M.
        • Andersen H.H.
        • Antonio C.A.T.
        • Faraon E.J.A.
        • Anwari P.
        • Ärnlöv J.
        • Larsson A.
        • Artaman A.
        • Asayesh H.
        • Asghar R.J.
        • Assadi R.
        • Atique S.
        • Avokpaho E.F.G.A.
        • Awasthi A.
        • Ayala B.P.
        • Bacha U.
        • Bahit M.C.
        • Balakrishnan K.
        • Barac A.
        • Barker-Collo S.L.
        • del Pozo-Cruz B.
        • Mohammed S.
        • Barregard L.
        • Petzold M.
        • Barrero L.H.
        • Basu S.
        • Del L.C.
        • Bazargan-Hejazi S.
        • Beardsley J.
        • Bedi N.
        • Beghi E.
        • Sheth K.N.
        • Bell M.L.
        • Huang J.J.
        • Bello A.K.
        • Santos I.S.
        • Bensenor I.M.
        • Lotufo P.A.
        • Berhane A.
        • Wolfe C.D.
        • Bernabé E.
        • Roba H.S.
        • Beyene A.S.
        • Hassen T.A.
        • Mesfin Y.M.
        • Bhala N.
        • Bhansali A.
        • Biadgilign S.
        • Bikbov B.
        • Bjertness E.
        • Htet A.S.
        • Boufous S.
        • Degenhardt L.
        • Resnikoff S.
        • Calabria B.
        • Bourne R.R.A.
        • Brainin M.
        • Brazinova A.
        • Majdan M.
        • Shen J.
        • Breitborde N.J.K.
        • Brenner H.
        • Schöttker B.
        • Broday D.M.
        • Brugha T.S.
        • Brunekreef B.
        • Kromhout H.
        • Butt Z.A.
        • van Donkelaar A.
        • Martin R.V.
        • Cárdenas R.
        • Carpenter D.O.
        • Castañeda-Orjuela C.A.
        • Castillo J.
        • Castro R.E.
        • Catalá-López F.
        • Chang J.
        • Chiang P.P.
        • Chibalabala M.
        • Chimed-Ochir O.
        • Jiang Y.
        • Takahashi K.
        • Chisumpa V.H.
        • Mapoma C.C.
        • Chitheer A.A.
        • Choi J.J.
        • Christensen H.
        • Christopher D.J.
        • Cooper L.T.
        • Crump J.A.
        • Poulton R.G.
        • Damasceno A.
        • Dargan P.I.
        • das Neves J.
        • Davis A.C.
        • Newton J.N.
        • Steel N.
        • Davletov K.
        • de Castro E.F.
        • De D.
        • Dellavalle R.P.
        • Des D.C.
        • Dharmaratne S.D.
        • Dhillon P.K.
        • Lal D.K.
        • Zodpey S.
        • Diaz-Torné C.
        • Dorsey E.R.
        • Doyle K.E.
        • Dubey M.
        • Rahman M.H.U.
        • Ram U.
        • Singh A.
        • Yadav A.K.
        • Duncan B.B.
        • Kieling C.
        • Schmidt M.I.
        • Elyazar I.
        • Endries A.Y.
        • Ermakov S.P.
        • Eshrati B.
        • Farzadfar F.
        • Kasaeian A.
        • Parsaeian M.
        • Esteghamati A.
        • Hafezi-Nejad N.
        • Sheikhbahaei S.
        • Fahimi S.
        • Malekzadeh R.
        • Roshandel G.
        • Sepanlou S.G.
        • Hassanvand M.S.
        • Heydarpour P.
        • Rahimi-Movaghar V.
        • Yaseri M.
        • Farid T.A.
        • Khan A.R.
        • Farinha C.S.E.S.
        • Faro A.
        • Feigin V.L.
        • Fernandes J.G.
        • Fischer F.
        • Foigt N.
        • Shiue I.
        • Fowkes F.G.R.
        • Franklin R.C.
        • Garcia-Basteiro A.L.
        • Geleijnse J.M.
        • Jibat T.
        • Gessner B.D.
        • Tefera W.
        • Giref A.Z.
        • Haile D.
        • Manamo W.A.A.
        • Giroud M.
        • Gishu M.D.
        • Martinez-Raga J.
        • Gomez-Cabrera M.C.
        • Gona P.
        • Goodridge A.
        • Gopalani S.V.
        • Goto A.
        • Inoue M.
        • Gugnani H.C.
        • Gupta R.
        • Gutiérrez R.A.
        • Orozco R.
        • Halasa Y.A.
        • Undurraga E.A.
        • Hamadeh R.R.
        • Hamidi S.
        • Handal A.J.
        • Hankey G.J.
        • Hao Y.
        • Harikrishnan S.
        • Haro J.M.
        • Hernández-Llanes N.F.
        • Hoek H.W.
        • Tura A.K.
        • Horino M.
        • Horita N.
        • Hosgood H.D.
        • Hoy D.G.
        • Hsairi M.
        • Hu G.
        • Husseini A.
        • Huybrechts I.
        • Iburg K.M.
        • Idrisov B.T.
        • Kwan G.F.
        • Ileanu B.V.
        • Pana A.
        • Kawakami N.
        • Shibuya K.
        • Jacobs T.A.
        • Jacobsen K.H.
        • Jahanmehr N.
        • Jakovljevic M.B.
        • Jansen H.A.F.
        • Jassal S.K.
        • Stein M.B.
        • Javanbakht M.
        • Jayaraman S.P.
        • Jayatilleke A.U.
        • Jee S.H.
        • Jeemon P.
        • Jonas J.B.
        • Kabir Z.
        • Kalkonde Y.
        • Kamal R.
        • She J.
        • Kan H.
        • Karch A.
        • Karimkhani C.
        • Kaul A.
        • Kazi D.S.
        • Keiyoro P.N.
        • Parry C.D.
        • Parry C.D.
        • Matzopoulos R.
        • Wiysonge C.S.
        • Stein D.J.
        • Mayosi B.M.
        • Keren A.
        • Khader Y.S.
        • Khan E.A.
        • Khan G.
        • Khang Y.H.
        • Won S.
        • Khera S.
        • Tavakkoli M.
        • Khoja T.A.M.
        • Khubchandani J.
        • Kim C.
        • Kim D.
        • Kimokoti R.W.
        • Kokubo Y.
        • Koul P.A.
        • Koyanagi A.
        • Kravchenko M.
        • Varakin Y.Y.
        • Kuate B.
        • Kuchenbecker R.S.
        • Kucuk B.
        • Kuipers E.J.
        • Lallukka T.
        • Shiri R.
        • Meretoja T.J.
        • Lan Q.
        • Latif A.A.
        • Lawrynowicz A.E.B.
        • Leasher J.L.
        • Levi M.
        • Li X.
        • Liang J.
        • Lloyd B.K.
        • Logroscino G.
        • Lunevicius R.
        • Pope D.
        • Mahdavi M.
        • Malta D.C.
        • Marcenes W.
        • Matsushita K.
        • Nachega J.B.
        • Tran B.X.
        • Meaney P.A.
        • Mehari A.
        • Tedla B.A.
        • Memish Z.A.
        • Mendoza W.
        • Mensink G.B.M.
        • Mhimbira F.A.
        • Miller T.R.
        • Mills E.J.
        • Mohammadi A.
        • Mola G.L.D.
        • Monasta L.
        • Morawska L.
        • Norman R.E.
        • Mori R.
        • Mozaff D.
        • Shi P.
        • Werdecker A.
        • Mueller U.O.
        • Paternina A.J.
        • Westerman R.
        • Seedat S.
        • Naheed A.
        • Nangia V.
        • Nassiri N.
        • Nguyen Q.L.
        • Nkamedjie P.M.
        • Norheim O.F.
        • Norrving B.
        • Nyakarahuka L.
        • Obermeyer C.M.
        • Ogbo F.A.
        • Oh I.
        • Oladimeji O.
        • Sartorius B.
        • Olusanya B.O.
        • Olivares P.R.
        • Olusanya J.O.
        • Opio J.N.
        • Oren E.
        • Ortiz A.
        • Ota E.
        • Mahesh P.A.
        • Park E.
        • Patel T.
        • Patil S.T.
        • Patten S.B.
        • Wang J.
        • Pereira D.M.
        • Cortinovis M.
        • Giussani G.
        • Perico N.
        • Remuzzi G.
        • Pesudovs K.
        • Phillips M.R.
        • Pillay J.D.
        • Plass D.
        • Tobollik M.
        • Polinder S.
        • Pond C.D.
        • Pope C.A.
        • Prasad N.M.
        • Qorbani M.
        • Radfar A.
        • Rafay A.
        • Rana S.M.
        • Rahman M.
        • Rahman S.U.
        • Rajsic S.
        • Rai R.K.
        • Raju M.
        • Ranganathan K.
        • Refaat A.H.
        • Rehm C.D.
        • Ribeiro A.L.
        • Rojas-Rueda D.
        • Roy A.
        • Satpathy M.
        • Tandon N.
        • Rothenbacher D.
        • Saleh M.M.
        • Sanabria J.R.
        • Sanchez-Riera L.
        • Sanchez-Niño M.D.
        • Sarmiento-Suarez R.
        • Sawhney M.
        • Schmidhuber J.
        • Schneider I.J.C.
        • Schutte A.E.
        • Silva D.A.S.
        • Shahraz S.
        • Shin M.
        • Shaheen A.
        • Shaikh M.A.
        • Sharma R.
        • Shigematsu M.
        • Yoon S.
        • Shishani K.
        • Sigfusdottir I.D.
        • Singh P.K.
        • Silveira D.G.A.
        • Silverberg J.I.
        • Yano Y.
        • Soneji S.
        • Stranges S.
        • Steckling N.
        • Sreeramareddy C.T.
        • Stathopoulou V.
        • Stroumpoulis K.
        • Sunguya B.F.
        • Swaminathan S.
        • Sykes B.L.
        • Tabarés-Seisdedos R.
        • Talongwa R.T.
        • Tanne D.
        • Tuzcu E.M.
        • Thakur J.
        • Shaddick G.
        • Thomas M.L.
        • Thrift A.G.
        • Thurston G.D.
        • Thomson A.J.
        • Topor-Madry R.
        • Topouzis F.
        • Towbin J.A.
        • Uthman O.A.
        • Tobe-Gai R.
        • Tsilimparis N.
        • Tsala Z.
        • Tyrovolas S.
        • Ukwaja K.N.
        • van Os J.
        • Vasankari T.
        • Venketasubramanian N.
        • Violante F.S.
        • Waller S.G.
        • Uneke C.J.
        • Wang Y.
        • Weichenthal S.
        • Woolf A.D.
        • Xavier D.
        • Xu G.
        • Yakob B.
        • Yip P.
        • Kesavachandran C.N.
        • Montico M.
        • Ronfani L.
        • Yu C.
        • Zaidi Z.
        • Yonemoto N.
        • Younis M.Z.
        • Wubshet M.
        • Zaidi Z.
        • Zuhlke L.J.
        • Zaki M.E.
        • Zhu J.
        Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015.
        Lancet. 2016; 388: 1659-1724https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31679-8
        View in Article
        • Garey L.
        • Peraza N.
        • Smit T.
        • Mayorga N.A.
        • Neighbors C.
        • Raines A.M.
        • Schmidt N.B.
        • Zvolensky M.J.
        Sex differences in smoking constructs and abstinence: the explanatory role of smoking outcome expectancies.
        Psychol. Addict. Behav. 2018; 32: 660-669https://doi.org/10.1037/adb0000391
        View in Article
        • Heberg J.
        • Simonsen M.K.
        • Danielsen A.K.
        • Klausen T.W.
        • Zoffmann V.
        • Thomsen T.
        Joint tobacco smoking and alcohol intake exacerbates cancer risk in women– the Danish nurse cohort.
        Eur. J. Oncol. Nurs. 2019; 43https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejon.2019.101675
        View in Article
        • Ho D.E.
        • Imai K.
        • King G.
        • Stuart E.A.
        MatchIt: Nonparametric Preprocessing for Parametric Causal Inference.
        JSS Journal of Statistical Software, 2011
        View in Article
        • Hundrup Y.A.
        • Simonsen M.K.
        • Jørgensen T.
        • Obel E.B.
        Cohort profile: the Danish nurse cohort.
        Int. J. Epidemiol. 2012; 41: 1241-1247https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyr042
        View in Article
        • IARC
        List of Classifications by cancer sites with sufficient or limited evidence in humans, Volumes 1 to 121.
        IARC Monogr. Eval. Carcinog. Risks Hum. 2018; 1–121: 1-12
        View in Article
        • IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans
        A Review of Human Carcinogens. Part E: Personal Habits and Indoor Combustions.
        International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2012
        View in Article
        • Kaiser E.G.
        • Prochaska J.J.
        • Kendra M.S.
        Tobacco cessation in oncology care.
        Oncology. 2018; 95: 129-137https://doi.org/10.1159/000489266
        View in Article
        • Mayne S.T.
        • Cartmel B.
        • Kirsh V.
        • Goodwin W.J.
        Alcohol and tobacco use prediagnosis and postdiagnosis, and survival in a cohort of patients with early stage cancers of the oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx.
        Cancer Epidemiol. Biomark. Prev. 2009; 18: 3368-3374https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-09-0944
        View in Article
        • Ordóñez-Mena J.M.
        • Walter V.
        • Schöttker B.
        • Jenab M.
        • O'Doherty M.G.
        • Kee F.
        • Bueno-de-Mesquita B.
        • Peeters P.H.M.
        • Stricker B.H.
        • Ruiter R.
        • Hofman A.
        • Söderberg S.
        • Jousilahti P.
        • Kuulasmaa K.
        • Freedman N.D.
        • Wilsgaard T.
        • Wolk A.
        • Nilsson L.M.
        • Tjønneland A.
        • Quirós J.R.
        • van Duijnhoven F.J.B.
        • Siersema P.D.
        • Boffetta P.
        • Trichopoulou A.
        • Brenner H.
        Impact of prediagnostic smoking and smoking cessation on colorectal cancer prognosis: a meta-analysis of individual patient data from cohorts within the CHANCES consortium.
        Ann. Oncol. 2018; 29: 472-483https://doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mdx761
        View in Article
        • Overholser L.S.
        • Callaway C.
        Preventive health in cancer survivors: what should we Be recommending?.
        J. Natl. Compr. Canc. Netw. 2018; 16: 1251-1258https://doi.org/10.6004/jnccn.2018.7083
        View in Article
        • Parada H.
        • Bradshaw P.T.
        • Steck S.E.
        • Engel L.S.
        • Conway K.
        • Teitelbaum S.L.
        • Neugut A.I.
        • Santella R.M.
        • Gammon M.D.
        • Gammon M.D.
        Postdiagnosis changes in cigarette smoking and survival following breast cancer.
        JNCI cancer Spectr. 2017; 1 (pkx001)https://doi.org/10.1093/jncics/pkx001
        View in Article
        • Parsons A.
        • Daley A.
        • Begh R.
        • Aveyard P.
        Influence of smoking cessation after diagnosis of early stage lung cancer on prognosis: systematic review of observational studies with meta-analysis.
        Br. Med. J. 2010; 340: 55-69https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.b5569
        View in Article
        • Penfold C.M.
        • Thomas S.J.
        • Waylen A.
        • Ness A.R.
        Change in alcohol and tobacco consumption after a diagnosis of head and neck cancer: findings from head and neck 5000.
        Head Neck. 2018; 40: 1389-1399https://doi.org/10.1002/hed.25116
        View in Article
        • Price S.N.
        • Studts J.L.
        • Hamann H.A.
        Tobacco use assessment and treatment in cancer patients: a scoping review of oncology care clinician adherence to clinical practice guidelines in the.
        U.S. Oncol. 2019; 24: 229-238https://doi.org/10.1634/theoncologist.2018-0246
        View in Article
        • R Core Team
        2018. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing.
        R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vieanna, Austria2018 ([WWW Document]. URL)
        https://www.r-project.org/
        View in Article
        • Ramaswamy A.T.
        • Toll B.A.
        • Chagpar A.B.
        • Judson B.L.
        Smoking, cessation, and cessation counseling in patients with cancer: a population-based analysis.
        Cancer. 2016; 122: 1247-1253https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.29851
        View in Article
        • Rowland J.H.
        Cancer survivorship: rethinking the cancer control continuum.
        Semin. Oncol. Nurs. 2008; 24: 145-152https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soncn.2008.05.002
        View in Article
        • Smith P.H.
        • Bessette A.J.
        • Weinberger A.H.
        • Sheffer C.E.
        • McKee S.A.
        Sex/gender differences in smoking cessation: a review.
        Prev. Med. 2016; 92: 135-140https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.07.013
        View in Article
        • Spring B.
        • Stump T.
        • Penedo F.
        • Pfammatter A.F.
        • Robinson J.K.
        Toward a health-promoting system for cancer survivors: patient and provider multiple behavior change.
        Health Psychol. 2019; 38: 840-850https://doi.org/10.1037/hea0000760
        View in Article
        • Stewart B.W.
        • Wild C.P.
        World Cancer Report 2014, ©International Agency for Research on Cancer World Health Organization.
        WHO Press, 2014
        View in Article
        • Symes Y.R.
        • Westmaas J.L.
        • Mayer D.K.
        • Boynton M.H.
        • Ribisl K.M.
        • Golden S.D.
        The impact of psychosocial characteristics in predicting smoking cessation in long-term cancer survivors: a time-to-event analysis.
        Psycho Oncol. 2018; 27: 2458-2465https://doi.org/10.1002/pon.4851
        View in Article
        • The Danish Health Authority
        Danskernes rygevaner - årsrapport 2018 [WWW document].
        (Sundhedsstyrelsen)
        https://www.sst.dk/da/udgivelser/2019/danskernes-rygevaner-2018
        Date: 2019
        (4.7.20)
        View in Article
        • The Danish Health Authority
        Danskernes rygevaner: udviklingen fra 1994 til 2017 [WWW Document].
        (Statens Inst. Folk. SDU)
        https://www.sst.dk/-/media/Udgivelser/2019/Danskernes-rygevaner---Udvikling-fra-1994-til-2017.ashx?la=da&hash=B24DB40D2AA8075BC0F7132F7347BEA914CDDA89
        Date: 2018
        (4.7.20)
        View in Article
        • Thygesen L.C.
        • Daasnes C.
        • Thaulow I.
        • Brønnum-Hansen H.
        Introduction to Danish (nationwide) registers on health and social issues: structure, access, legislation, and archiving.
        Scand. J. Publ. Health. 2011; 39: 12-16https://doi.org/10.1177/1403494811399956
        View in Article
        • Toll B.A.
        • Brandon T.H.
        • Gritz E.R.
        • Warren G.W.
        • Herbst R.S.
        • Aberle D.
        • Bunn Jr., P.A.
        • Fong G.T.
        • Rubin Grandis J.
        • Hatsukami D.K.
        • Ki Hong W.
        • Khuri F.R.
        • Leischow S.J.
        • Viswanath K.
        • Warren G.
        Assessing tobacco use by cancer patients and facilitating cessation: an American association for cancer research policy statement AACR tobacco and cancer subcommittee HHS public access.
        Clin. Canc. Res. 2013; 19: 1941-1948https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-13-0666
        View in Article
        • Tseng T.S.
        • Lin H.Y.
        • Martin M.Y.
        • Chen T.
        • Partridge E.E.
        Disparities in smoking and cessation status among cancer survivors and non-cancer individuals: a population-based study from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
        J. Canc. Surviv. 2010; 4: 313-321https://doi.org/10.1007/s11764-010-0127-9
        View in Article
        • Warren G.W.
        • Sobus S.
        • Gritz E.R.
        The biological and clinical effects of smoking by patients with cancer and strategies to implement evidence-based tobacco cessation support.
        Lancet Oncol. 2014; 15: e568-e580https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(14)70266-9
        View in Article
        • Yang B.
        • Jacobs E.J.
        • Gapstur S.M.
        • Stevens V.
        • Campbell P.T.
        Active smoking and mortality among colorectal cancer survivors: the cancer prevention study II nutrition cohort.
        J. Clin. Oncol. 2015; 33: 885-893https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2014.58.3831
        View in Article

      Article info

      Publication history

      Published online: July 15, 2020
      Accepted: June 30, 2020
      Received in revised form: June 29, 2020
      Received: November 22, 2019

      Identification

      DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejon.2020.101796

      Copyright

      © 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

      ScienceDirect

      Access this article on ScienceDirect

      The content on this site is intended for healthcare professionals.


      We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content. To update your cookie settings, please visit the Cookie Preference Center for this site.
      Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. except certain content provided by third parties.


      RELX